<p>Presbyterian Church in Basking Ridge is a historic church at 1 E. Oak Street in the Basking Ridge section of Bernards Township in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. Its churchyard held the Old Oak Tree of Basking Ridge, estimated to be 600 years old, until 2017.</p><br>
<p>The church congregation was founded in 1717. The present church was built in 1839 in Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<h2>Old Oak Tree</h2><br>
<p>In the historical graveyard of the church stood a White Oak, sometimes called the "Holy Oak", until 2017. It was nearly 100 ft tall and had a spread of more than 130 ft. It has a trunk circumference of 20 ft and its lower branches were supported.</p><br>
<p>English evangelist George Whitfield and American clergyman James Davenport, preached under the tree on November 5, 1740 to a crowd of 3,000, in the First Great Awakening.</p><br>
<p>George Washington&#39;s troops were drilled on the village green, within view, and Washington picnicked under the tree with the Marquis de LaFayette.</p><br>
<p>The 5,500 French troops of Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau marched by in 1781, on their route to Yorktown, Virginia and the decisive battle of the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<p>In June 2016, the tree was "failing to thrive" and showed signs of distress as its upper parts failed to sprout leaves. By September 2016, the tree had died.</p><br>
<p>The tree was taken down over three days with the work finished on April 26, 2017. A young white oak grown from an acorn of the old tree has been planted in the churchyard.</p><br>
<p>The new biggest tree in New Jersey is identified as another white oak tree in the yard of the Sparta Historical Association of Sparta, New Jersey.</p><br>
<h2>Church</h2><br>
<p>The church building is 72 ft by 46 ft, with a stone masonry foundation and red brick walls. The long side of the church has five windows 14 ft tall and 5 ft wide, with 30 over 30 over 30 glass panes in three sashes. As of 1974, much of the glass seemed to be original.</p><br>
<p>The Historic American Buildings Survey inventoried the church in 1939.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church of Wantage  is a historic church in Wantage Township, Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. Church records point to a Dutch Reformed congregation founded in 1788, which merged with First Presbyterian Church of Wantage, founded in 1818. The building is situated on a hill, due south of Clove Brook, a creek from which it derives its common name. It was built in 1829 and added to the National Register in 1982. The structure is no longer used as a church, but the Friends of Old Clove Church continue an inter-denominational service once annually.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church is Greek Revival with Gothic detailing. The Gothic windows were included as ornament to distinguish the structure as a place of worship. Schools and barns in the area had a similar style and structure. This is the third church building to inhabit the property. The National Register of Historic Places describes the church as a "simple 1 1/2 story rectangular clapboarded frame structure with a four bayside facade and a three bay gable front on a cut stone foundation." The structure remains virtually unchanged since the 19th century. Features include: original floor design, original pews and a balcony that spans three sides of the interior. Two double-leaf entrance doorways on the south side of the structure point to separate entrances for males and females. Pot-bellied stoves and a Victorian chandelier were additions during the churches centennial.</p><br>
<h2>Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>Old Clove Church Cemetery is across New Jersey State Route 23 from the church. Interred here are the remains of several American Revolution and Civil War veterans.</p><br>
<p>Harmony Hill Methodist Church is a Methodist Episcopal house of worship affiliated with the United Methodist Church and located about one mile north of the village of Stillwater in Stillwater Township, in the Sussex County, New Jersey, United States.</p><br>
<p>One of the earliest Methodist congregations organized in both New Jersey and the United States, Harmony Hill Methodist Church was established in 1802 along the Flanders Circuit, a large, nearly 400-mile circuit of several churches in northwestern New Jersey, Southern New York and Pennsylvania that was served by travelling ministers. The congregation met in its early members&#39; barns and homes until the current structure, a wood-frame building, was erected in 1832&ndash;1833. Its founders were either previously members (including original founders) of the Stillwater Presbyterian Church when that church was affiliated as a joint Lutheran and German Reformed congregation (before 1822), or from descendants of those founders, as the population of Stillwater assimilated from its Palatine German roots to English-oriented American culture.</p><br>
<p>Harmony Hill Methodist Church is listed on both the New Jersey and National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Harmony Hill Methodist Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>A cemetery is located adjacent to the Harmony Hill Methodist Church where most of the early parishioners of the church are interred. Several members of the Main, Savercool, Wintermute and descendants of the early families of Stillwater, New Jersey are buried within the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Murtnaghurt Lagoon, also known as Murtnaghurt Swamp or Lake Murtnaghurt, is a shallow, ephemeral wetland west of the town of Barwon Heads on the southern coast of the Bellarine Peninsula in Victoria, Australia. It comprises two enclosed depressions, elongated west-east and separated by a low ridge. The wetland is about 2 km in length, and up to 600 m wide, with 4.5 km of shoreline enclosing an area of 81 hectare. It is connected by a narrow 2.7 km palaeochannel extending from the lagoon northwards to the main tidal channel of the lower Barwon River.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The lagoon is part of the Bellarine Wetlands Important Bird Area and is recognised as an important site supporting, at times, various threatened species of birds, including the little tern, fairy tern, orange-bellied parrot, swift parrot and hooded plover, as well as many waders which use the whole complex of wetlands in the region.</p><br>
<h2>Status and conservation</h2><br>
<p>Murtnaghurt Lagoon is listed under the Ramsar Convention as a wetland of international significance, as part of the Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar Site. It is also part of the Lake Connewarre State Game Reserve. It is public land which is managed by Parks Victoria and is surrounded by farmland, golf courses and residential housing. Because of its relatively small size and isolation from the rest of the Lake Connewarre wetland complex it is threatened by edge effects, including pollution from stormwater run-off.</p><br>
<p>A report by Neville Rosengren for the Save Barwon Heads Alliance recommended that the lagoon should be protected by a geoheritage conservation zone of low intensity land use. It stated that:</p><br>
<p>"The key elements of this site are relatively inconspicuous, low relief landforms that preserve the materials and the geometry of the earlier sea level landscapes. Research into geoscience features is an ongoing activity as new techniques of analysis and particularly for methods of mapping and displaying geomorphology and dating materials and landforming events become available. Intensive land uses involving close residential sub-division, excavation or other substantial reshaping of landscape would substantially degrade the geoscience significance – and make the materials unavailable for scientific access. The opportunity for further research and monitoring of the processes that formed Murtnaghurt Lagoon would be greatly compromised by extending urban or other high intensity built developments enclosing and adjacent to the site. These activities should not be permitted in the areas enclosing the Murtnaghurt Lagoon."</p><br>
<p>Newtown Presbyterian Church, also known as Old Presbyterian Church of Newtown, is a historic Presbyterian church complex and national historic district in Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>This old edifice is the second of four Presbyterian Church buildings erected in Newtown. The first was built in 1734, and William Tennent, the first minister, preached there one Sunday a month. The first pastor to be installed in Newtown took office in 1752. The church was erected in 1769 and remodeled in 1842. It is a 2 1/2-story, rectangular stone building in the Greek Revival style. A porch and two vestibules were added about 1880.</p><br>
<p>In December 1776, because it was one of the largest buildings in town, General George Washington commandeered it and used it as a hospital, a jail and a P.O.W. “camp.” After the Battle of Trenton, several hundred Hessians were held there before they began their long march to Philadelphia where they would be exchanged for American soldiers.</p><br>
<p>The small building on the south side of the church is the Session House. It was built about 1800, and is a 1 1/2-story, rubble fieldstone structure. It was used as a meeting place for the session, and is one of only two such buildings in the county still standing. Because most early session members were farmers and did not get to town except on Sunday, the Session House provided a quiet place for conducting church business.</p><br>
<p>In back of the church is the church cemetery. It includes eight British flags marking the graves of men who fought in the French and Indian Wars. There are twenty-eight flags flying over the graves of church members who followed General Washington in the American Revolution. The graveyard is partially surrounded by a stone wall.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in July 1987.</p><br>
<p>Red Hill Church and School is a historic church and school located on Durham Road at Ottsville, Tinicum Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The church was built in 1766, and is a two bay by two bay, stuccoed stone building with a gable roof. The one-room school building was built in 1843, and is a one-story, three bay by one bay, stuccoed stone building. It has a gable roof with cupola. The church was built by a Presbyterian congregation, who sold it to a Lutheran and Reformed Church congregation in 1843. It remain in use as a church until 1920, then re-occupied in the summer of 1959. The school was use for public education until 1958, after which it was used for community meetings.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>St. Elizabeths Convent is a historic Roman Catholic convent located at 1663 Bristol Pike in Cornwells Heights, Bensalem Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Its formerly known as the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament for Indians and Colored People and now the home to Saint Katharine Drexel Mission Center and National Shrine. The complex was built in 1892, and consists of three contributing buildings. They are built in the Spanish-French Mission style. The main building is the convent which has an attached chapel and bell tower. The other contributing buildings are the utility building and -story laundry building. It served as the national headquarters and motherhouse for the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament for Indians and Colored People, founded by Saint Katharine Drexel. Saint Katharine is entombed in a crypt in the chapel.</p><br>
<p>The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Union Church and Burial Ground  is a historic church and cemetery on E. Presqueisle Street in Philipsburg, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>A log meetinghouse was built in 1820 by the 57 residents of Philipsburg for a cost of $343. The building was used both as a school and as the community&#39;s first church, open to all Protestant ministers.</p><br>
<p>In 1842 the building was extensively rebuilt as a Gothic style Anglican church with a three story entrance tower added to the front, a chancel added to the rear and the log walls of the meetinghouse incorporated into the main sanctuary. A rough mixture of plaster and clay stucco covers the church giving it its common name of the "Old Mud Church."</p><br>
<p>Hardman Philips had donated much of the money to rebuild the church and intended to make it an Episcopalian Church. After a lengthy lawsuit, the church continued to serve many denominations including Episcopalians, Presbyterians, and Methodists. The last regular religious use was by Free Methodists in the early 1920s. The building has also been used as a local museum.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery is surrounded by a three-foot stone wall and contains a 330-year-old white oak known as the "Founder&#39;s Oak." The oldest grave is dated 1819.</p><br>
<p>The church and cemetery were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is located in the Philipsburg Historic District.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s Church in the Great Valley is a historic Episcopal church. It was first began as a missionary parish of the Church of England before the Revolutionary War. The church is located in Malvern and near Phoenixville, East Whiteland Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. A more detailed is on their website.</p><br>
<p>The current stone church building was constructed in 1744 to replace an earlier wooden building. The original building was a stone structure with a medium pitched gable roof measuring 47 feet by 28 feet. A two-story addition was built in 1856, and the 1 1/2-story Parish House added in 1901. The building was renovated in the 1940s under the direction of R. Brognard Okie. During the American Revolution, the church was used as a hospital by both British and American forces. By local tradition, after the nearby Battle of Paoli in 1777 the British army, recognizing St. Peter’s as part of the Church of England, oversaw the burial of a British officer (believed to be Captain William Wolfe, commander of the Light Company of the British 40th Regiment of Foot), at least two other unidentified British soldiers, and at least five unidentified American soldiers killed in the battle. The British and American men are buried side by side along the old west wall of the churchyard. Several small American and British flags are traditionally kept at the graves out of respect for the soldiers from both armies.</p><br>
<p>The growing congregation built "the Barn" designed in a style reminiscent of the original Welsh barns in the area.</p><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>St. Marys Episcopal Church, also known as Old Saint Marys Church, is a historic Episcopal church located on Warwick Road, Warwick Township in Elverson, Chester County, Pennsylvania. The church was built in 1843, and is a one-story, rectangular stuccoed fieldstone structure in the Gothic Revival style. It measures 50 feet wide and 70 feet deep. The church is surrounded by the parish cemetery, with burials dating to 1806.</p><br>
<p>Founded by Rev. Levi Bull, DD, in 1805, the first church here was built in 1806. J.F. Sachse, of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, believed it to be the first church built in Pennsylvania after the American Revolution. Dr. Bull continued to minister to the congregation here for almost 50 years. During Dr. Bull&#39;s tenure, in 1843, the original church was replaced by the present structure.</p><br>
<p>By the 1970s, the congregation had fallen to about ten attendees. However, the congregation was revived in the 1990s by financial support from the Brandywine Deanery and adopted elements of the charismatic movement under the rectorate of Rev. John Maher.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Birmingham Friends Meetinghouse is a historic Quaker meeting house at 1245 Birmingham Road in Birmingham Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. The current meetinghouse was built in 1763 and added to the National Register in 1971. The building and the adjacent cemetery were near the center of fighting on the afternoon of September 11, 1777 at the Battle of Brandywine. Worship services are held weekly at 10am. The meetinghouse and an adjacent octagonal schoolhouse are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Birmingham Friends Meetinghouse and School.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Quaker meeting in Birmingham Township was held about 1690. In 1718 a meetinghouse was built from red cedar logs. A burial ground, surrounded by a stone wall, was established in the 1750s. The building was made out of stone in 1763 and measured 38 by 41 feet. During the Battle of Brandywine, the British forces attempted to flank the Continental forces under General George Washington. The Continental forces rushed north to meet the British in the area of the meetinghouse. It was used as a hospital first for the Americans, and after the battle for British officers. The stone wall around the cemetery was used as a defensive position by the Americans. After the battle, dead British and American soldiers shared a common grave in the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The meetinghouse was enlarged in 1819 and an octagonal school was completed in August, 1819 at a cost of $712.57. The school was used off and on through 1905 and is included in the NRHP site. In 1968 Quaker architect Mather Lippincott designed a new education building to the north of the meeting house.</p><br>
<p>The school is now used as The Peace Center at Birmingham.</p><br>
<p>From 1845 to 1923 a group of Quakers worshipped a few hundred yards south at the Orthodox Meetinghouse as a result of the Hicksite-Orthodox split. That meetinghouse is listed separately on the NRHP.</p><br>
<p>Bradford Friends Meetinghouse, also known as Marshallton Meeting House, is a historic Quaker meeting house located at Marshallton in West Bradford Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1764-1765, and is a one-story, stone structure with a gable roof. A porch was added to two sides of the building in the 19th century. The interior is divided into four rooms, rather than the customary two. Abraham Marshall, father of botanist Humphry Marshall was instrumental in the establishment of the meeting in the 1720s. Text and photographs by HABS The meeting originally met from 1722 to 1727 at the Marshall home, Derbydown Homestead, from 1722 to 1727.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It is located in the Marshallton Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Old Kennett Meetinghouse is a historic meeting house of the Religious Society of Friends or "Quakers" in Kennett Township near Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Kennett Monthly Meeting house known as Old Kennett was first constructed in 1710 on land owned by Ezekiel Harlan, deeded from William Penn. Kennett and Marlboro Townships were being colonized by farming Quaker families who joined with members of New Castle Meeting, Hockessin Meeting and Centre Meeting (near Centerville Delaware) every four to six weeks for business meetings at Newark (New Ark) Meeting. Then, as Newark Meeting dwindled away, the Meetings united at the Old Kennett Meeting house, which then came to bear the name of Newark after the meeting of that name ceased to exist. In May, 1760, the named changed as Friends of Newark Monthly Meeting requested that the name be altered from Newark to that of Kennett.</p><br>
<p>During the Revolutionary War these Quakers adopted an official attitude of neutrality, but it was in the cemetery adjoining the Old Kennett Meeting House that the first shots of the Battle of the Brandywine were fired on September 11, 1777. Although the British and Hessian forces were surprised as they came, 5000 strong, from Kennett that morning, the small American force led by General Maxwell was driven back to the north hills of Chadds Ford. The soldiers killed in the battle that afternoon are buried in the adjoining Old Kennett Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>During the nineteenth century the membership of Kennett Meeting suffered divisions. The first was in 1812 when a new Kennett Meeting was formed within the Borough of Kennett Square. Then in 1827 Friends split into conservative and liberal sects and by 1828 there were separate Kennett Monthly Meetings. The liberal group, the Hicksites, named after Elias Hicks, retained the old Kennett Meeting while the conservative Friends established Parkersville Friends Meetinghouse which was used until 1904.</p><br>
<p>Although Quakers had released their slaves before the revolution, and worked to change the laws, those who could not agree to holding public anti-slavery meetings in the Meeting House made “progressive” friends so impatient that they left to form their own meeting. The Progressive Friends built the Longwood Meeting House and were disowned until 1874. The meetinghouse has hosted visitors including Lucretia Mott, William Lloyd Garrison, Sojourner Truth, Susan B. Anthony, and Harriet Tubman.</p><br>
<p>Gradually the membership of Old Kennett Meeting dwindled until in the early 1920s Meetings for Worship might have only one or two members sitting in the stillness of the ancient building. Since 1950 the Old Kennett Committee of Kennett Meeting (Kennett Square) has maintained the building, opening it for worship on the last Sunday of June, July, and August at 11 a.m. In July 1974 the Old Kennett Meeting house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, making it nationally recognized as a historically and architecturally significant structure.</p><br>
<p>Old Kennett&#39;s tercentennial was celebrated in 2010 with a lecture series and historical tours being held at the meetinghouse.</p><br>
<p>The meetinghouse is still open for Quaker Meeting-for-Worship on the last Sundays of June, July and August at 9:00 am and for occasional weddings, funerals and other events. Look for news about Old Kennett Meeting at www.kennettfriends.org, the site run by the Kennett Friends Meeting, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>Orthodox Meetinghouse, also known as the Birmingham Orthodox Meeting House, is a historic Quaker meetinghouse in Birmingham Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania that was built in 1845 as a result of the Hicksite-Orthodox split in the Society of Friends. The members of the Birmingham Friends Meetinghouse, a few hundred yards north, joined the Hicksite branch of the Quaker movement, as was common among farmers in Chester and Delaware Counties. That meetinghouse was the site of fighting during the Battle of Brandywine in 1777, and is listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Orthodox Meetinghouse was built in a more modern or "classical" style, with larger windows than the older meetinghouse. It was built at a total cost of $2,310.83 from green serpentine stone quarried at Chalkley Bell&#39;s Quarries in Westtown Township. It seated up to 200 people. A small graveyard was also built in 1874.</p><br>
<p>The two meetinghouses rejoined in 1923, well before the overall split healed in 1955, and the Orthodox Meetinghouse was sold in 1938 for use as a private residence.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>St. Malachi Church is a historic Irish Roman Catholic mission church on St. Malachi Road in rural Londonderry Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. It is a mission of Our Lady of Consolation of Parkesburg. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The church is remarkable for its simplicity, resembling a Quaker meeting house more than a Catholic parish church. It is a rectangular one story stone stucco-covered building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was founded in the eighteenth century with the earliest standing tombstone bearing the date 1771. The land was donated to the church in 1794 by Andrew Maguire. An attempt to build a church started in 1800. The building was completed in 1838. The church is unusual in Chester County, an early stronghold of Quakerism in the Quaker colony of Pennsylvania. Irish had settled in the area before 1730, but they were Presbyterians and Quakers. In 1757 there were 55 Irish Catholics (32 male, 23 female) counted in Chester County.</p><br>
<p>The church is a rectangular one story stone stucco-covered building. It has never had a resident priest, remaining a mission since its founding. Early services were conducted by visiting missionaries. In 1840 it became a mission church of St. Agnes Church in West Chester. Later it was a mission of successive parishes in Parkesburg and Coatesville.</p><br>
<p>Chichester Friends Meetinghouse is a historic Quaker meeting house at 611 Meetinghouse Road near Boothwyn, in Upper Chichester Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. This area, near Chester was one of the earliest areas settled by Quakers in Pennsylvania. The meetinghouse, first built in 1688, then rebuilt after a fire in 1769 reflects this early Quaker heritage. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the year that William Penn first arrived in Pennsylvania, 1682, the Chichester Meeting was first organized as an "indulged meeting" or subsidiary meeting of the Uplands Monthly Meeting of present-day Chester. The Uplands Meeting had been organized by Robert Wade, who arrived in the area in 1675, from earlier Quaker settlements in New Jersey. Chichester attained the status of Monthly Meeting in March, 1684. This group of Friends met in member&#39;s homes until about 1688 when a 24 ft square meetinghouse was built on two acres. The land was sold on October 4, 1688 by John Brown for 1 shilling and sixpence "only for the use of the people of God, called Quakers." In January 1769 the meetinghouse burned down, and later that year a 33 by 38 ft building was erected in its place.</p><br>
<p>The doors show bullet holes incurred from British foraging parties after the Battle of Brandywine in September, 1777.</p><br>
<p>About 1827, the time of the Orthodox-Hicksite separation, two meetings were established in the building. The Orthodox branch was "laid down" or discontinued in 1880. The Hicksite branch was discontinued in 1914. Since then the meetinghouse has only been used for special occasions. No modern conveniences such as heat, plumbing or electricity have been added to the building, so it is considered to be in pristine condition. Text and photographs by HABS</p><br>
<p>It was illegal to build Quaker meetinghouses in England until the Act of Toleration of 1689. Because meetinghouses were built in this area of Pennsylvania at an earlier date, and because the 1769 meetinghouse is believed to reflect the style of the earlier meetinghouse, the Chichester Meetinghouse is believed to show an early "English" style of Quaker architecture.</p><br>
<p>A caretaker&#39;s house was built in 1703 and in 1783 a two story barn with a six bay shed was built. Both buildings are still in use.</p><br>
<p>Concord Friends Meetinghouse is a historic meeting house on Old Concord Road in Concordville, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. The meeting was first organized sometime before 1697, as the sixth Quaker meeting in what was then Chester County. In 1697 the meeting leased its current location for "one peppercorn yearly forever" from John Mendenhall. A log structure was built in 1710. The current brick edifice structure was built in 1728. After a fire which completely destroyed the interior, the meetinghouse was rebuilt and enlarged in 1788. During the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777, which was fought a few miles to the west, wounded American soldiers took refuge in the meetinghouse.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It is located in the Concordville Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Pyramidenspitze is a mountain, 1,998 metres high, of the Kaisergebirge in the Austrian state of Tyrol.</p><br>
<p>The Pyramidenspitze is only the second highest summit in the Zahmer Kaiser after the largely unknown, 2,002 metre high Vordere Kesselschneid, but is the most well-known and most frequently climbed.</p><br>
<p>To the south and west of the Pyramidenspitze is a high, karstified plateau, covered with mountain pine, which falls steeply into the valley of the Kaisertal and has a long arête with several summits extending towards Kufstein. To the north it is separated by a wind gap from the Jovenspitze. To the northwest the Pyramidenspitze drops steeply over the Eggersgrinn and to the northeast it drops down rock precipices into the Winkel cirque (Winkelkar).</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>The Pyramidenspitze may be reached from the west from the Vorderkaiserfelden Hut over a long but worthwhile path that runs past the Naunspitze (1,633 m), Petersköpfl (1,745 m) and Einserkogel (1,924 m) that leads to the summit cross without any real difficulties in 2.5 hours. More challenging is the northern route which departs from Durchholzen. As far as the Winkel cirque the path is problem-free, but from there on there is a klettersteig (A/B) to the summit. The walking time is three hours in total. In places there is a risk of major rockfalls on this route.</p><br>
<p>St. Peters Church is a historic Catholic church in Brownsville, Pennsylvania, in the Diocese of Greensburg. St. Peters Church also has a partner church in Grindstone, Pennsylvania named St. Cecilia&#39;s Roman Catholic Church built in 1931.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The first Catholic parish in Fayette County, it is the oldest continuously operating parish in Western Pennsylvania. It is also believed to have been the spot on which the first religious service of any kind offered west of the Allegheny Mountains was held. On July 1, 1754, French troops on their way to capture Fort Necessity from the British climbed the bank from the Monongahela River with their Chaplain Rev. Denys Baron and prayed for victory. That mass of the French troops is depicted in one of the stained glass windows in the church.</p><br>
<p>The stone Gothic Revival church building on Church Street is a landmark. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is located in the Brownsville Northside Historic District. depict Catholic history from 1754 to 1843.</p><br>
<p>The church was established in 1843 to serve the burgeoning Irish American population. At the time, Brownsville was an important gateway to the West and South due to its location on the National Road, and believing it, not Pittsburgh, would become the seat of the episcopal see, the founders built the church to be a future cathedral. The pulpit is located to the left of the altar, as in a cathedral, and the crypt includes space for the tombs of bishops.</p><br>
<h2>Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>Another unique feature of St. Peters is its cemetery. In addition to its unique inscriptions on the headstone, the Cemetery has been featured in Ripleys Believe It or Not as the only cemetery with heated graves. The boiler that heated the church was located in a separate building across the street and the pipes running under the cemetery to the church created a significant enough amount of heat to even melt snow on several grave sites.</p><br>
<h3>Notable Burials</h3><br>
<p>Parents of James G. Blaine, a West Brownsville native who was a U. S. Senator and Secretary of State and narrowly lost the 1884 United States presidential election to Grover Cleveland</p><br>
<p>Harbaugh&#39;s Reformed Church, now non-denominational and known as Harbaugh Church, is a historic Reformed church at 14301 and 14269 Harbaugh Church Road in Washington Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. If is one of five properties owned by The Waynesboro Historical Society and is available for weddings, funerals and special events. It was built in 1892, and is a 1 1/2-story, three bay by five bay, brick Late Gothic Revival style building. It features a steep, slate covered gable roof, brick buttresses, and lancet stained glass windows. The building replaced an earlier church built in 1846 by George Harbaugh on farmland he owned. The property includes the church cemetery, established about 1845. Regular services were held in the current building until 1966. It was acquired by the historical society in 1983.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Rocky Spring Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church in Letterkenny Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1794, and is a 1 1/2-story, four by six bay, brick Georgian style building. It measures 48 feet by 60 feet, and has a gable roof. The interior of the church includes two ten-plate stoves; brick aisle ways; a crude ladder leading to a loft; and wooden pews that are long and narrow with high straight-backed seating. The ends of the pews are carved with the names of the previous occupants identifying the military ranks they held during the Revolutionary War. Rocky Springs Church was a pay for pew church that required members to sign a financial agreement between the trustees of the church and the pew holders requiring an annual fee for occupancy of the pew. The Church&#39;s pulpit is circular in form and positioned above the pews giving the speaker full view of the congregation. Access is gained by a staircase. Above the pulpit is an oval-shaped canopy or sounding board.</p><br>
<p>Five acres of land to build the church was acquired by warrant on November 6, 1792. Trustees of the congregation who acquired the land upon which to build the church included: George Matthews, Esq. James McCalmont, Esq. James Ferguson, Esq. James Culbertson, Esq. and Samuel Culbertson. The property includes the church cemetery, with the oldest grave stone dated to the 1780s.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. Each year the church is opened for an annual Presbyterian service giving the people in attendance an opportunity to experience the austere beauty of the church.</p><br>
<p>Donegal Presbyterian Church Complex is a historic Presbyterian church complex on Donegal Springs Road in East Donegal Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The church was built in 1732, and is a 1 1/2-story, three bay by five bay, stuccoed stone building with a gambrel roof. The chapel underwent a remodeling in 1851. The adjacent cemetery is enclosed in a rough hewn stone wall built in 1791. The property also includes the William Kerr Study House, a 1 1/2-story, five bay brick dwelling originally built in 1810 and expanded in the early 20th century. The building was restored in 1976.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. p.92, note that Chiat misidentifies the county as Franklin County.</p><br>
<p>In 1777, during worship services, word came to the congregation by way of an express rider, that the British General Howe was about to invade Pennsylvania. The message relayed was that the British army had advanced and had forced Washingtons troops to retreat to Chadds Ford. The rider found Colonel Alexander Lowry, who was attending worship at Donegal that Sunday, and shared the news with him, to encourage Lowry to organize his men to come to General Washingtons defense.</p><br>
<p>Upon learning this news, the congregation gathered around a white oak tree just outside the sanctuary. With hands joined, they vowed allegiance to the cause of the patriots, and their minister, Rev. Colin McFarquhar, who up until that time had always prayed for the King of England, united with them. From that time onward, the tree was known as the “Witness Tree.”</p><br>
<p>The original Witness Tree grew and flourished for nearly three centuries, but succumbed to disease. A cast iron memorial exists in its place now.</p><br>
<p>St. Lukes Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church located at 6th and Chestnut Streets in Lebanon, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1880, and the cornerstone of the church was laid on St. Luke&#39;s Day, October 18, 1879 by Bishop Howe. It was designed by noted New York architect Henry Martyn Congdon (1834–1922) in the Gothic style. The building is in the form of a Latin Cross and constructed of native bluestone and sandstone. It measures 116 feet long and 75 feet wide, and features a square, 85 foot tower with an octagonal turret. The roof is covered in rows of blue and red slate.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The church was originally incorporated as "Christ Church, of Lebanon, Pa." in 1859, and admitted that same year to the Convention of the Diocese of Pennsylvania. The name of the church was changed in 1865 to the current name, "St. Luke&#39;s".</p><br>
<p>Forty Fort Meetinghouse is a historic meeting house at River Street and Wyoming Avenue in the Old Forty Fort Cemetery in Forty Fort, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1806–08 in a New England meeting house style with white clapboard siding and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first European settler in the area came from Connecticut in the late 18th century.</p><br>
<p>In 1768 public lands were set aside in the area for churches by the Susquehanna Company, but because of the Yankee-Pennamite Wars and the American Revolution actual building of the churches was delayed by over 30 years. An unfinished meetinghouse nearby was destroyed after the Battle of Wyoming in 1778.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Hitchcock of New Haven, Connecticut, who also designed the Old Ship Zion Church in Wilkes-Barre, designed the meetinghouse. It was the first completed church used for religious services in the area. It was a Union Church with both Congregationalist (now Presbyterians) and Methodists worshipping in the church. By 1837, both groups had built their own churches, and the meetinghouse has been used rarely since. In 1869, the Forty Fort Cemetery Association was created by the Pennsylvania state legislature and the Association still owns the church and cemetery.</p><br>
<p>St. Gabriel&#39;s Catholic Parish Complex is a historic Roman Catholic church complex located at 122-142 S. Wyoming Street in Hazleton, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania within the Diocese of Scranton.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The St. Gabriel&#39;s complex consists of the church (1925), rectory (1907-1908), and former convent (1937). The church is a high French Gothic Revival steel frame building clad in pink granite ashlar with Indiana limestone trim. It features twin bell towers with triple entrance portals at the front facade. The rectory is a three-story, wood frame building in the Colonial Revival style. The convent was designed by noted architect Anthony J. DePace (1892–1977), and is a four-story building clad in granite ashlar and limestone. It was converted to affordable apartments and offices in 1998-1999. The church was founded in 1855. It merged with Annunciation Parish.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Plymouth Friends Meetinghouse is a historic Quaker meeting house located at the corner of Germantown and Butler Pikes in Plymouth Meeting, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. It is part of the Plymouth Meeting Historic District, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1708, and is constructed of native limestone. A wing was added in 1780, and the interior was rebuilt in 1867 following a fire. The porch was also added in 1867, and a rear wing added in 1945.</p><br>
<p>During the American Revolutionary War, the building served as a temporary military hospital. Troops under the Marquis de Lafayette camped on the grounds prior to the May 20, 1778 Battle of Barren Hill. The meeting house was a hub of activity during the Underground Railroad. Lucretia Mott lectured across the street at Abolition Hall, and is known to have attended the meeting. Artist and teacher Thomas Hovenden (1840-1895) was a member of the meeting and is buried in the adjacent cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Plymouth Meeting Friends School is under the care of the meeting and is located on site.</p><br>
<p>Several scenes in the historical novel The Quakeress (1905) by Max Adler take place in the meetinghouse.</p><br>
<p>St. Pauls Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church at Old York and Ashbourne Roads in Elkins Park, Cheltenham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. It was originally built in 1861, and is a gray stone church in the Gothic style. The church was conceived and designed by noted financier Jay Cooke . Its size was doubled with an expansion in 1870, and a 60-foot-tall tower added. A transept was added in 1883, and the two-story parish hall wing in 1891. Noted architect Horace Trumbauer  made refinements to the church during the 1897 to 1924 period. Also on the property is the -story rectory built in 1868, a stable, Trumbauer designed Jay Cooke Memorial auditorium , and sextons cottage . Adjacent to the church is a cemetery laid out in 1879 and expanded in 1905. Located in the cemetery is the Jay Cooke mausoleum.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Sanatoga Union Sunday School is a historic church in Lower Pottsgrove Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1891 as part of the Sunday school movement and added to the National Register in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Crooked Hill Sunday School first met in a local schoolhouse in 1865. In 1890, when the town of Crooked Hill changed its name to Sanatoga, the Sunday School changed its name as well. About the same time, townsfolk decided to build a separate Sunday School building as well. "Union" in the name signified that children from all Christian denominations, especially Baptist, Lutheran, and Reformed churches, were invited to attend.</p><br>
<p>Land was donated by Samuel Kurtz, and materials and labor were also donated to build the Sunday School building.</p><br>
<p>Packer Memorial Chapel  is a historic church on the campus of Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. It was designed by Philadelphia architect Addison Hutton, and built in 1885 when the university was affiliated with the Episcopal Church. It was donated by Mary Packer Cummings in memory of her father, Asa Packer. The cornerstone was laid on "the seventh Founders Day, October 8, 1885" and the consecration took place "Two years later, on the ninth Founders Day, October 13, 1887". The chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Packer Memorial Church is currently an Episcopal church on campus. On Sundays, Roman Catholic mass is usually held at 9:00 pm in the chapel. It is also available for weddings in which at least one of the parties is a Lehigh University student or alumnus. It used to be the location of the freshman convocation which is held during orientation at the beginning of each school year, however due to the growing class size, in 2007 convocation was moved to the larger Baker Auditorium in the Zoellner Arts Center. "The Catacombs", was named on February 1, 1969 for a coffee house in the basement of the church. It soon became disused and was later a social meeting place for graduate student. Asa Packer, on the other hand, was buried in Mauch Chunk Cemetery, Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania, where his mansion was located.</p><br>
<p>Salliaruseq Island  is an uninhabited island in the Qaasuitsup municipality in northwestern Greenland. At 130 km&sup2;,</p><br>
<p>Air Greenland helicopters approach Uummannaq Heliport on the way from Qaarsut Airport alongside the western wall of Salliaruseq, first converging to the island, to then turn 90 degrees to the west due to winds in the Assorput Strait.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Salliaruseq is separated from the Uummannaq Island in the west by the Assorput Strait; from Appat Island and Saattut archipelago in the north by the central arm of Uummannaq Fjord; from the Qaqullussuit Peninsula jutting off the mainland in the east by Alaanguarqap Suullua strait; from the Ikerasak and Talerua islands in the southeast by the southern arm of the central Uummannaq Fjord, and from the Nuussuaq Peninsula in the south by the Sarqarput Strait.</p><br>
<p>It is very mountainous, with precipitous walls falling from the summit plateau (Qollortoq) to the south (Ujarassuaq), west (Innarsuaq), and north (Alaanguaraq). The highest point on the island is Inussugtalik (1,418 m) above the northern wall. The next highest point in the vicinity of the island is the Uummannaq Mountain on the western side of the Assorput Strait.</p><br>
<h2>Promontories</h2><br>
<h2>Photographs</h2><br>
<p>Sharon Springs Historic District is a national historic district located at Sharon Springs in Schoharie County, New York. The district includes 167 contributing buildings and nine contributing structures. It encompasses all of what remains of the historic mineral water spa, including commercial, institutional, and residential properties associated with its resort function during the period, ca. 1825-1941. The focus of the district is a group of mineral springs that together constitute the world-famous spa for which the village was named. Notable buildings include the Magnesia Temple , Chalybeate Temple , Lower Bath House , Inhalation Bath House , Imperial Bath House , Adler Hotel , and Roseboro Hotel . Also located in the district is the separately listed American Hotel.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Greenmead Historical Park, also known as Greenmead Farms, is a 3.2 acre historic park located at 38125 Base Line Rd., Livonia, Michigan. It includes the 1841 Greek Revival Simmons House, six other structures contributing to the historic nature of the property, and additional buildings moved from other locations. Greenmead Farms was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1825, twenty-three-year-old Joshua Simmons, along with his wife Hannah, moved from Bristol, New York to a 160 acre parcel of land in what is now Livonia. Simmons named his farm "Meadow Brook," and built a small log cabin on the property in 1826. in Livonia by the time of his death in 1882.</p><br>
<p>The Simmons family stayed on the farm until 1915. In 1920, the farm was purchased by Sherwin and Jean Boyd Hill, who renamed it "Greenmead." Hill raised dairy cattle at the farm until his death in 1961. The farm was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and the city of Livonia purchased in 1976 for use as a park, and moved other historic structures, including a number of pre-Civil War houses, onto the grounds. As of 2010, the property is open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description of the original farm complex</h2><br>
<p>The 1841 farmhouse is a two-story, Greek Revival frame house with side gables and clapboard siding, sitting on a stone foundation. Drip molding surmounts the windows, and Ionic pilasters flank the front door.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the house, nine of the original eleven outbuildings are still standing. These include the 1829 North Barn (the first barn built in Livonia), the farmhand&#39;s house (believed to be the original Simmons cabin), an additional barn and a greenhouse.</p><br>
<h2>Other structures moved to Greenmead</h2><br>
<p>Four additional structures built in the mid-19th century, collectively known as "the village," are located on the Greenmead grounds:</p><br>
<p>The eastern part of the park features seven more historic buildings, restored to the appearance they had in the 1915-1920 timeframe. This cluster of buildings mimics the actual intersection of Ann Arbor Trail and Newburgh Roads in Livonia. The seven buildings are:</p><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church is a historic church building in Columbia, South Carolina. Constructed in 1854, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 25, 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Although the first meetings of what would become the First Presbyterian Church were held in 1795, the congregation did not have a building of its own until 1813, having met in the South Carolina State House and on the campus of the South Carolina College until then. In 1813, the South Carolina Legislature incorporated the church as the "First Presbyterian Church of the Town of Columbia"</p><br>
<p>The current site of the church was a shared cemetery with the local Episcopal congregation from 1794 to 1813. The legislature gave the cemetery and other lands to be shared between the Episcopalians and the Presbyterians. A local legend says that First Presbyterian and the now-nearby Trinity Episcopal Cathedral drew lots to determine which congregation would get what lot, with First Presbyterian receiving the cemetery, located at the corner of Lady and Marion Streets.</p><br>
<p>The 1813 building still exists, and is now known as Jackson Hall. A new, larger English Gothic structure was built in 1854. Though spared the torch during Shermans march to the sea, the buildings original 180-foot spire was destroyed in an 1875 hurricane, and rebuilt in 1888. The spire was again damaged in a 1910 fire, and rebuilt to be eight feet taller. A remodelling in 1925 increased the capacity of the building to 1,250 from 800, increasing the length of the building by 40 feet. At the same time, classrooms were built at the sides, a choir loft added in the rear, and the organ loft rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>The church is currently a member of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, and the current pastor is Derek Thomas. Among the notable people buried in the church&#39;s cemetery are the parents of Woodrow Wilson; Henry William de Saussure, second director of the United States Mint</p><br>
<p>The American Baptist Publication Society is a historic building at 1420–1422 Chestnut Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1896 on the site of the former headquarters of the American Baptist Publication Society, which had been destroyed by fire on February 2, 1896. The society was founded in 1824 by preacher Luther Rice and others as the Baptist General Tract Society, which later became the American Baptist Publication Society and eventually the American Baptist Board of Educational Ministries. The society&#39;s goal was to use educational means "to disseminate evangelical truth and to articulate sound morals." Its work involved the printing of tracts and Bibles and publishing books and Sunday school curricula. Educational outreach was undertaken throughout many parts of the USA in the 19th century, including through colporters and chapel train cars.</p><br>
<p>The architect Frank Miles Day designed the building in the French Renaissance Revival style, in effect putting a French chateau at the then-top of Philadelphias skyline. Together with Price and McLanahans Jacob Reed&#39;s Sons Store to the immediate west and the Packard Building on 15th Street, the building set the standard for commercial buildings on fashionable Chestnut Street.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Arch Street Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian Church at 1724 Arch Street, located between the two Comcast skyscrapers in the Logan Square neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The building was designed by the noted architectural firm of Hoxie & Button, and built in 1855. It is a one-story, Classical Revival style building with Greek and Roman elements. It features a portico supported by four Corinthian order columns and a coffered dome.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>19th and 20th centuries</h3><br>
<p>Built in 1855, Arch Street Presbyterian Church (ASPC), was the "establishment" downtown Presbyterian church through the 19th and much of the 20th century. The architecture is neo-classic Greek revival style, a contrast to the modern Comcast Center skyscraper next door. The interior features ornate columns, a domed ceiling, and a massive organ.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s and 1930s, the church was a conservative bastion in the theological debates that rocked the Presbyterian Church and other mainline Protestant denominations. ASPC&#39;s head pastor during this period, Rev. Clarence Macartney, engaged in a public feud with one of the leading modernist preachers, Rev. Harry Emerson Fosdick of New York City.</p><br>
<p>During the latter 20th century, the congregation dwindled as many members moved out of Center City Philadelphia.</p><br>
<h3>21st century</h3><br>
<p>By the early 2000s, the church had only a few dozen active members. However, the pews were packed on Sunday, January 28, 2007, when Prince Charles and Duchess Camilla worshipped at the church during their visit to the USA</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the Presbytery of Philadelphia of the Presbyterian Church (USA) decided to attempt to revitalize the church. Rev. William Golderer, who is also the convening pastor of Broad Street Ministry, was recruited to lead the effort. The pastoral staff now includes Rev. Golderer, Head Pastor; Rev. Carla A. Jones Brown, Minister of Encouragement, Inspiration and Intercession; Rev. David Norse, Minister for Pastoral Counseling & LGBTQ Belonging; Rev. Anne Park, Minister for Executive Leadership; Rev. Mike Pulsifer, Minister for Outreach, and Dr. J. Donald Dumpson, Minister of Music. Dr. Dumpson comes from the African-American Baptist tradition, and he leads a music program that includes classical, traditional, folk, and gospel influences.</p><br>
<p>The church now has growing attendance and membership of over 100, with a diverse racial and socioeconomic makeup. The churchs current theology could be characterized as progressive and inclusive, with worship in the Reformed Protestant tradition. Programming includes a Sunday School for children during worship, outreach activities, a Deacons ministry, a "Good Book Club" (Wednesday lunchtime Bible Study), and "Church in the Alehouse" (a monthly meeting in a local pub to discuss issues of faith and life). The church hosts Arch Street Preschool, a weekday preschool operated by a 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation. The churchs mission statement includes a commitment to "elcome and anticipate the presence of those new to faith, those longing for a deeper connection with God and neighbor, and those suspicious of the trappings of religion."</p><br>
<p>West Arch Street Presbyterian Church, (Presbyterian, Old School), Philadelphia. South-east corner of Arch and Eighteenth Streets, by McAllister & Brother.pngInterior, circa 1861.</p><br>
<p>Wesley A.M.E. Zion Church  is a historic church at 1500 Lombard Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was founded June 6, 1820 and worship began in a Carpenter&#39;s Shed at 521-527 Lombard Street while a brick building for that purpose was built.</p><br>
<p>In 1885, the congregation purchased an existing building and moved to its current location at 1500 Lombard Street. The church later commissioned a larger structure to accommodate a growing congregation. Designed by architect George Savage, the church was built in 1926 in the Gothic Revival style with a corner bell tower, spire, and pointed arch windows with tracery. The main level is accessed through triple-portal doors which open to a foyer flanked on both sides by grand staircases. The church sanctuary is located on the second floor and contains a large U-shaped balcony and is brightly lit by stained glass windows on all sides.</p><br>
<p>"Big Wesley" has been a historical leader in the development of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church denomination and influential in civil rights and social reforms in the 1950s and 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The church continues to hold weekly worship service, bible study, and outreach ministry activities. The current pastor is Rev. Michael A. King. Former pastors include the Right Reverend Louis Hunter, Sr., 93rd Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It also appears in the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places and the Pennsylvania State Historic Resource survey</p><br>
<p>St. Johns Church, Northern Liberties was a historic church at 220-230 Brown Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The church was built in 1815 and is one of architect William Stricklands oldest surviving designs. The same year he also designed the Second Bank of the United States. The building is the fifth oldest surviving church in Philadelphia, and the seventh oldest surviving church in Pennsylvania, not counting earlier Quaker meetinghouses.</p><br>
<p>In 1931 the church was consecrated as the Holy Trinity Romanian Orthodox Church and was sold by the Episcopalian parish to the Romanian community in 1972. Sometime before 1931, a wooden steeple was built above the entrance. In 1983 the church was added to the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Grace Church, Mt. Airy  is a historic Episcopal church at 224 E. Gowen Avenue in Mount Airy neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The church, its parish house, and a rectory were designed by Charles M. Burns and built in 1888. Burns also designed the Church of the Advocate in Philadelphia. A school was aded in 1962. The three original buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Rectors</h2><br>
<p>In the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, the rector is the priest elected to head a self-supporting parish.</p><br>
<p>Rev. G. A. Redles (1874-1875)</p><br>
<p>Rev. Simeon Hill (1875-1912)</p><br>
<p>Rev. Thomas Sparks Cline (1913-1924)</p><br>
<p>Rev. Charles E. Eder (1925-1958)</p><br>
<p>Rev. Richard K. Bauder (1959-)</p><br>
<p>The Monastery is a historic stone house in Philadelphia, located on the Wissahickon Creek at Kitchens Lane.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1747 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The house&#39;s connection to monastic life is uncertain or simply legendary, but German mystic and hermit Johannes Kelpius lived nearby in the Wissahickon Valley from 1694 until his death in 1708, and connections with monks from Ephrata have been reported. According to the History of Philadelphia (1884):</p><br>
<p>...there is a recital in the deed that Joseph had since (1747) erected at his own cost and charges "a three-story stone house or messuage on a certain piece or spot of land." Joseph Gorgas was a member of the society of Seventh Day Baptists. It is conjectured that he erected this house for purposes of seclusion and meditation. It is said, "Hither were gathered congenial spirits like himself, and there they held sweet communion." A small strip of land below the county bridge is pointed out as the place where the monks were accustomed to administer the rite of baptism in the Wissahickon, and on the early township map the spot is designated as the Baptisterion. Joseph Gorgas sold the lot with the house, now called the "Monastery," to Edward Milner in 1761, and it has since gone through various hands. The house in which the unknown author of the "Chronicon" lived for seventeen months could not have been the stone mansion to which tradition affixes the title. There is no proof that Gorgas allowed his house to be used for monastic purposes, but novelists have made much of the legends and tales of hermits and monks that cluster thickly about the vicinity. p. 1315</p><br>
<p>Baptist Institute for Christian Workers  is a historic building 1425-1429 Snyder Avenue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which has been used for several purposes and currently is a rehabilitation facility for veterans.</p><br>
<p>The unique late-Gothic Revival (Institutional Gothic) and Jacobean style building was constructed between 1911 and 1929 by Benjamin Rush Stevens for use as home to the Baptist Institute, a junior college, which later moved to Bryn Mawr and became known as Ellen Cushing Junior College. In 1952 the Navy started using the building, and in 1958 the building began use as a nursing home known as Crown Nursing Home and then later the Cambridge Retirement Community. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The building was renovated in 2013 and currently is used by the Veterans&#39; Administration at a 40-bed facility known as Snyder House for veterans recovering from homelessness and addictions.Christopher Mote,</p><br>
<p>"In South Philadelphia, A Baptist Rebirth As The Snyder House" Hidden City Philadelphia</p><br>
<p>September 17, 2013, (accessed 5/14/16) http://hiddencityphila.org/2013/09/in-south-philadelphia-a-baptist-rebirth-as-the-snyder-house/</p><br>
<p>Philadelphia Episcopal Cathedral, located at 38th and Chestnut Streets in West Philadelphia, is the cathedral church of the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>Formerly known as the Protestant Episcopal Church of the Saviour, it was built in 1855, renovated in 1898, and rebuilt after an April 16, 1902 fire. In 1992 it became the seat of the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>A highly-controversial renovation of the interior was undertaken, 2000-2002, under then-cathedral dean Richard Giles, author of Re-Pitching the Tent: Re-Ordering the Church Building for Worship and Mission. The pews, altar, and other church furniture were removed and sold. Chairs and modern lighting fixtures replaced the traditional fixtures. The stone walls were stuccoed over and whitewashed. The baptismal font was joined by an immersion pool for adults. These actions divided the congregation and were severely criticized in the press.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, facing a $3.5 million bill to renovate its bell tower, current cathedral dean Judith Sullivan petitioned the Philadelphia Historical Commission for permission to demolish its parish house and rectory, both NRHP-certified buildings. They would be replaced with a 25-story apartment building wedged between the cathedral and Chestnut Street. The demolition was approved.</p><br>
<p>Dingmans Ferry Dutch Reformed Church is a historic Dutch Reformed church located on USA 209 in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area at Dingmans Ferry, Delaware Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania. It was designed in 1837, and built in 1850 in the Greek Revival style. It is a two-story, clapboard clad frame building with a gable roof. It features a large gabled portico supported by four heavy Doric order columns.</p><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service, "The Greek Revival style Dutch Reform Church was built in 1850. Its wooden colossal temple front with four heavy fluted columns mimics the stone architecture of ancient Greece. It was converted to a residence in 1957 and has been home to antiques dealer Doug Cosh since 1972. He has leased the property since 1986."</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Mingo Creek Presbyterian Church and Churchyard is a church and historic location in Washington County, Pennsylvania. It is located at the junction of Pennsylvania Route 88 and Mingo Church Road in Union Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania, near Courtney, Pennsylvania. It is a member of the Washington Presbytery.</p><br>
<p>The original log Presbyterian meetinghouse was built in 1793. The Mingo Creek Society, a group of dissidents founded in February 1794 that became involved in protest against the federal whiskey excise tax, met there. It would serve as a focal point in the development of the Whiskey Rebellion, even becoming the site of militia musters in the fight against federal forces. Some militia members are buried on the grounds, including Major James McFarlane, revolutionary war veteran, mortally wounded at the July 1794 battle of Bower Hill during the climax of the resistance of the Whiskey Rebellion at the residence of John Neville.</p><br>
<p>In the early years, the church was served by circuit-riding preachers who ministered to the early settlers of the era.</p><br>
<p>In 1994, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission installed a historical marker noting the historic importance of the location.</p><br>
<p>The current church, built in 1831, is a one and a half-story brick building, largely unadorned. It was renovated in 1904, with multi-paned stained glass replacing older windows in 1936. A manse (1924) and a two-story education building (1958) are also on the site but are not part of the national register boundary. The church yard/cemetery, on a high hill to the southwest of the church, contains dated tombstones from 1790.</p><br>
<p>St. Gertrude Roman Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church located at 311 Franklin Avenue in Vandergrift, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania within the Diocese of Greensburg.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St. Gertrude church was designed by noted architect John T. Comes and built in 1911. It is a basilica plan church in the Italian Romanesque Revival style. The front façade features a central pavilion that slightly projects from two campanilles and a 13-light rose window.</p><br>
<p>The church grounds consist of three buildings: the church itself, a pastoral rectory, and Cardinal Maida Academy, which provides education for students from kindergarten through sixth grade. Between the church and school once stood a fourth building...a convent in use by the Benedictine Sisters, who taught at the school until the end of the 20th Century, when sisters were replaced by state-certified teachers to comply with federal and state Department of Education requirements. The convent was demolished in the early 21st Century, and the church parking lot has been expanded to the convent grounds.</p><br>
<p>Many of the Benedictine Sisters who taught at the school stayed in active ministry and were transferred to Benedictine Sisters of Pittsburgh, a merged convent in Bakerstown, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The front of the church bears the phrase "Adorate dominum in aula sancta ejus", which translated into English, means "Worship the Lord in his holy court."</p><br>
<p>The church also has a custom-designed, state-of-the-art electro-mechanical bell chime system designed by Schulmerich Carillons in Sellersville, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>St. Gertrude Church is also the administrator for Cardinal Maida Academy, originally known as "St. Gertrude School", located next to the Church at 315 Franklin Avenue in Vandergrift.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Regina Coeli Monastery is an historic building located in Bettendorf, Iowa, United States and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1994. The building currently houses an addictions rehabilitation facility called The Abbey Center.</p><br>
<p>The Discalced Carmelite nuns who built the building relocated to a new monastery in Eldridge, Iowa in 1975. The monastery was originally established in Davenport, Iowa by the Rt. Rev. James Davis of the Catholic Diocese of Davenport.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Davenport Carmel</h3><br>
<p>The first Discalced Carmelite nuns arrived in Davenport, Iowa from the Carmel at Baltimore, Maryland on November 23, 1911. The community included Mother Clare of the Blessed Sacrament, who was a native of Dubuque, Iowa and Mother Aloysius of Our Lady of Good Counsel, from Deerfield, Minnesota. Mother Clare&#39;s brother, Joseph Nagle, was instrumental in bringing the Carmelites to Davenport. The Archbishop of Dubuque had initially indicated that he would accept the order into his diocese, but withdrew the offer in 1905, and no other bishops in the upper Midwest were able to accept the nuns. Joseph Nagle was persistent and convinced Bishop Davis to bring the community to his diocese.</p><br>
<p>The Carmel was officially established on the feast of St. John of the Cross on November 24, 1911 with a Mass celebrated by another of Mother Clares brothers, the Rev. Garrett Nagle, in the small cottage that was the nuns new home at 15th and Brady Streets. The Carmel was adjacent to the bishop&#39;s residence, and he would celebrate Mass for the nuns as often as possible. The Archbishop of Baltimore, James Cardinal Gibbons, appointed Mother Clare as the prioress of the new Carmel and Mother Aloysius sub-prioress before they had left Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>The cottage was a bit small and an addition was built on property donated by Bishop Davis. The addition included a chapel in the Late Gothic Revival style, nuns choir, sacristy and six bedrooms. A covered walk was also built between the chapel and the bishops residence. The first Mass in the new chapel was Midnight Mass on December 25, 1912. The dedication took place on February 11, 1913. The chapel was dedicated as Pater Noster Chapel, and the monastery was dedicated to the prophet Elijah.</p><br>
<h3>Bettendorf Carmel</h3><br>
<p>When the new addition was completed plans were begun to expand the monastery itself so that 21 nuns could have their own room as was stipulated in the Carmelite Rule. However, the property on Brady Street was not a sufficient location to expand the building. Mother Clare indicated that Bettendorf could be a potential location. Pius Mohr located land on the bluffs above Bettendorf, and Bishop Davis purchased the land on April 3, 1915. The property was surrounded by woods and farmland, which was more appropriate for contemplative life than the city location.</p><br>
<p>Arthur Ebeling, who had designed the chapel addition, was chosen as the architect for the new Carmel. He used the Baltimore Carmel as his inspiration. The structure is a double cruciform building of gold mottled brick trimmed with Bedford limestone. There is a small dome topped with a cross in the middle of the center wing of the monastery. The architectural style is Romanesque Revival. The town provided a water hydrant for water, and the building did not have electricity when it was built. A telephone was installed when priests requested it to ease the process of ordering altar breads. A professional landscaper designed the garden and grounds. The chapel was not a part of the building as yet, and the monastery itself was not fully completed when the nuns moved into to their new home on June 29, 1916. The monastery&#39;s name was changed to Regina Coeli.</p><br>
<p>On Friday, November 24, 1916, the fifth anniversary of the Carmelite&#39;s arrival in Davenport, Bishop Davis consecrated the monastery bells. The large bell was christened Vox Domini (the voice of the Lord), and the small bell, St. Joseph.</p><br>
<p>The chapel of the Davenport Carmel was taken down and rebuilt at the new Carmel in Bettendorf. It was re-dedicated on Pentecost Sunday, 1919, and it kept its original name from when it was in Davenport, Pater Noster. The room that had been used for the chapel was divided in two and became the library and the chapter room. The rest of the monastery was finished in 1921, and the enclosure wall was finished in 1937.</p><br>
<p>While life in a Carmel is mostly quiet there are events that break into that silence. The Ku Klux Klan had chosen the Carmelites as the focus of their hostility toward the Catholic Church. They erected fiery crosses and created a commotion in a farmers field opposite the monastery. Instead of driving the nuns out they provoked the townspeople who came to the nuns defense. The police restored quiet to the area and protection to the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Carmels are limited to 21 nuns, and when the community became too large it would establish a new Carmel. The Bettendorf Carmel established three new foundations. The Carmel at New Albany, Indiana, which later moved to Indianapolis, was established in 1922. The mission was led by Mother Teresa Seelbach and Sister Hilda Ammann. A Carmel was established in 1940 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which later moved to Pewaukee, Wisconsin. It was led by Mother Paula Doersching, Mother Grace Meade, Sister Joan Meyer, Sister Elizabeth Kinsella, and Sister Ann Mezer. The Sioux City Carmel was established in 1961, and was led by Mother Agnes Dwight, Sister Michael Skelley, Sister Magdalen Heun, Sister Raphael Baker, Sister Marie Schuman, and Sister Clare Lafferty.</p><br>
<p>Social and Ecclesiastical changes ensued in the 1960s. The vacancies that were created by the establishment of the Sioux City Carmel were not filled. The nuns who remained were unable to care for the large Carmel in Bettendorf. It was decided that a more modest facility was needed and so 10 acre of farmland were purchased north of Davenport near the town of Eldridge. The bodies of the deceased nuns were transferred from the crypt to Mt. Calvary Cemetery in Davenport. The Bettendorf Carmel was sold to an Evangelical Christian Church. In 1978 the Franciscan Brothers of Christ the King bought the building and renamed it St. Francis Monastery. They used it for a retreat house and hosted banquets. The brothers sold the building and the new owners remodeled it became a four star Abbey Hotel in 1993. In 2009 the hotel was closed and it became an addictions rehabilitation center called The Abbey Center.</p><br>
<h3>Eldridge Carmel</h3><br>
<p>The new Carmel in Eldridge was readied for the nuns to move in on November 24, 1975, the 64th anniversary of the establishment of the Carmel in the Davenport Diocese. The large bell from the old monastery was placed in a new bell tower on the Carmel property. The new facility allowed for expansion and that has happened twice. A new chapel, named Holy Trinity, and more living and work space was added in the 1980s. In the 1990s an addition was made for more living space for the community.</p><br>
<p>West Union Presbyterian Church is a historic congregation of the Presbyterian Church  in the village of West Union on the southern edge of Ohio. Formed at the turn of the nineteenth century, it worships in an early nineteenth-century building constructed by a future governor of Kentucky, and it counted among its earliest members a governor of Ohio. The building has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Organic history</h2><br>
<p>In the first years after the congregation&#39;s 1800 organization, the members worshipped along Eagle Creek outside West Union, but they began working to move into West Union in 1809. From the beginning of its history, the congregation suffered from dissension and apostasy: some of the members, including their pastor John Dunlevy, defected to the Shakers in 1805, and Presbyterian minister William Williamson from nearby far northern Lewis County, Kentucky was left to lead the remaining members. These individuals feuded among themselves, many leaving to join an Associate Reformed Presbyterian congregation at Cherry Fork, which had been organized circa 1803. Nevertheless, the remnant resolved to build a new church building in the village of West Union, and under the leadership of elders Joseph Darlinton and Thomas Kirker, a subscription list was signed in 1809.</p><br>
<p>As the congregation became more solidly established, it was served by a succession of ministers who used their positions to oppose slavery prominently; William Williamson and his initial successors Dyer Burgess and John Van Dyke advocated abolitionist positions, Throughout this period, and continuing until his 1837 death, Thomas Kirker was among the leading lights both within the congregation and in the surrounding community: he owned the land on Eagle Creek where the congregation first worshipped, he served as an elder from 1808 until his lifes end, and he held a succession of political offices — delegate to the first constitutional convention in 1802, as the Northwest Territory prepared for statehood, state representative for Adams County in 1803, state senator from 1803 until 1815, and governor of Ohio (ex officio as the Speaker of the Senate) from 1807 until 1808. His activity in the congregation, together with the responsibility of Thomas Metcalfe for the buildings construction, later led the church to be nicknamed the "Church of the Governors".</p><br>
<p>Membership in 2013 was seventy-two, having fallen by more than sixty over the previous ten years, and that year&#39;s average worship attendance of twenty-nine represented a decline of more than fifty percent since 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Built of stone, the church features a simple front gable design with the entrance at the center of the facade, under a small frame shelter. Most windows are placed on the side, under the asbestos-covered roof. A small bell tower sits atop the roof, placed near the front of the building. While the original stone building remains largely intact, a frame addition was attached to the building&#39;s rear in 1941.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the West Union Presbyterian Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its connection to Metcalfe. It is one of three Register-listed buildings in West Union, along with the Cockerill House and the Tet Woods Building, and one of several Metcalfe-built structures with the same designation.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church on the Allen County side of Delphos, Ohio, United States. Designed by S.W. Lane, it has been recognized as a historic site because of its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Parish history</h2><br>
<p>St. Johns Parish was established in 1842 by German Catholic settlers who had immigrated from Osnabrück. Although the church was afflicted by a cholera epidemic in 1854, it grew to the point that it was split into two parishes, with the members in Landeck being erected into a separate parish. Land was donated for the construction of the present church building by Frederick Bredeick; construction began in 1879 and concluded in the following year. As the village of Delphos grew with the Miami and Erie Canal, the parishs prosperity likewise increased; like St. Michaels Catholic Church in Shelby County to the south, the churchs architecture demonstrates the wealth that came from the commerce along the canal.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Leading features of the churchs interior include a prominent rib vault, two rows of columns in the nave that are topped with Corinthian capitals, and an altar built to resemble that of Romes Basilica di San Clemente. Architectural experts have deemed the interior unmatched in western Ohio.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>Outside, the churchs exterior is also striking. Although many large Catholic churches are located in western Ohio, they are more typically built in the Gothic Revival style — several counties in far western Ohio have been nicknamed the "Land of the Cross-Tipped Churches" because of the dominance of Gothic Revival churches in the region — and such a large Romanesque Revival church is unique. It fills an entire city block, and its tower is by far the most prominent part of the communitys skyline; accordingly, it has been likened to a cathedral.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>In 1980, St. John&#39;s Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its architectural significance. It is the only church on the National Register in Allen County, and one of three buildings in Delphos so to be recognized.</p><br>
<p>Mother of Sorrows Catholic Church is a historic Catholic church at 1500 W. 6th Street in Ashtabula, Ohio, United States. It was built in the 1890s for a newly established parish and has gained both local and federal designation as a historic site.</p><br>
<p>The Mass was first celebrated in Ashtabula Harbor in 1878, during the summer only in the early years; the first place of worship was a grocery store. Out of this gathering, a parish was established in 1890 and dedicated to St. Mary under her title of "Mother of Sorrows". Constructed in 1898 in the Romanesque Revival style of architecture, the church was designed by William P. Ginther, an Akron-based architect who specialized in ecclesiastical architecture. Both the foundation and the walls are sandstone, the roof is asphalt, and glass forms a significant part of the exterior. The church occupies a corner lot, and large gables with massive windows face both streets. A square tower with battlements is placed at the corner facing the intersection; the main entrance is set in the tower&#39;s base, and a belfry occupies the top third of the tower.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, Mother of Sorrows was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. In 1978, the city of Ashtabula created the Harbor Historical District, which since a 2010 boundary adjustment has embraced Mother of Sorrows Church and much of the rest of the Ashtabula Harbor neighborhood. Along with the other National Register properties in the district, Mother of Sorrows is protected by city ordinance from significant modifications. Administratively, Mother of Sorrows is overseen by the citys Our Lady of Peace Parish. It no longer uses Mother of Sorrows properties such as its former rectory, school and some parking lots. In 2014, it applied to the city to change zoning on nine plots for potential redevelopment for retail and multi-family residential use. Some residents opposed rezoning, saying it would adversely affect work to stabilize the neighborhood. There was agreement to leave at least some parking to support community use of the church. In early 2017 Pastor of Our Lady of Peace Parish, Rev. Ray Thomas made the announcement that Bishop George Murry of the Diocese of Youngstown ordered the parish to close two of the three churchs. Currently no churchs have been named but many fear Mother of Sorrows and St. Joseph Churchs will close.This would leave Our Lady of Mt. Carmel to serve the community of Ashtabula as the only Catholic Church.</p><br>
<p>Windsor Mills Christ Church Episcopal is a historic former church building in Windsor Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States. Built in the 1830s, it features a distinctive combination of two different architectural styles, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Windsor Townships first Protestant Episcopal society was established in 1816, and pioneer settler Solomon Griswold donated the resources to build its first building north of Windsor Center. It served the parish for a comparatively short time, and the present structure replaced it in 1832, although at a different location west of Windsor Center. At the time, the Greek Revival style was in vogue, but when this style fell out of favor and the Gothic Revival replaced it in the popular imagination, Christ Church was updated accordingly. More architectural work was performed in 1961, as extensive interior renovations were performed with such success that the project was recognized by the American Institute of Architects. Since that time, it has ceased to be a church, with a museum becoming the buildings new occupant.</p><br>
<p>The former Christ Church is a weatherboarded structure combining the influences of the Greek and Gothic Revival styles. Tall pointed windows are placed around the rectangular building, with a central main entrance on the facade. The roof rises to a gable at each end, and a tower with a pinnacle on each corner sits atop the roof near the front.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its general importance in local history. It is one of four National Register-listed locations in Windsor, along with the Wiswell Road Covered Bridge, the Windsor Mills Fort and Village Site (a prehistoric archaeological site), and the town center at Windsor Center.</p><br>
<p>The church is now operated seasonally as the Windsor Historical Society Museum.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church in Egypt, Ohio, United States. Built in 1887, this church is home to a small Catholic parish, and it has been declared a historic site because of its well-preserved Gothic Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The original settlers of far southern Auglaize County were overwhelmingly Catholic. At this period, prior to 1850, the region was part of the Great Black Swamp; consequently, travel was extremely difficult. For this reason, it is reported that the small community west of Minster was called "Egypt" — a pioneer remarked that "this place was made of a dab of mud that fell from the wheelbarrow of God when He made the world and therefore it ought to be called Egypt."</p><br>
<p>Egypts first settlers were members of St. Augustines Church in Minster, Because of the swampy character of the land, wheeled transit was nearly impossible; the men of the community could only travel to St. Augustines on horseback, and the women and children were almost never able to worship at all. At the same time, the membership of St. Augustines was growing to the point that its facilities were severely strained. Therefore, a movement arose for the creation of a separate parish in Egypt, and in 1852, three men were sent to petition Archbishop Purcell for a separate church. The archbishop granted permission for the erection of the parish in that year; it was dedicated to St. Joseph, and subscriptions soon raised $800 for the construction of a church.</p><br>
<p>Once the members had agreed on the basic architectural elements of their church, they summoned multiple contractors for the bidding process. Each of the contractors independently named $800 as the cost of erecting the new church; consequently, parishioner Henry Rolfes was placed in charge after he named his price at just $300 and the cost of some materials. Even after the cost of all materials was deducted, enough money remained to pay a priest for the first year. Originally, the parish had no priest of its own; Mass was typically celebrated by priests from St. Johns in Maria Stein or St. Augustines in Minster. After four years, a rectory and a female convent were built near the church, and the parish obtained a resident pastor for the first time. Since its earliest years, St. Joseph&#39;s Church has been served by the Society of the Precious Blood.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>By the late 1880s, the original church building had become insufficient for the parish&#39;s needs. Under the leadership of their elderly priest, John van den Brock, the parish erected a new church in 1887 at a cost of $5,000,</p><br>
<p>Goehr&#39;s design remained little changed until 1927, when the church was modified by the addition of a tower and a sacristy. Although the sacristy remains in place, the tower was further modified in the 1940s by the replacement of its spire with a small domed belfry.</p><br>
<h2>Related buildings</h2><br>
<p>Located immediately to the north of the church is a rectory. After the male and female members of the Missionaries of the Precious Blood became two separate organizations, the male organization donated all of its Egypt properties to the female organization, leaving St. Joseph&#39;s Church without a rectory. When a replacement rectory was completed in 1912, it had cost $6,000 plus extensive labor on the part of the parishioners.</p><br>
<p>Immediately to the north of the rectory is a parish cemetery, and slightly farther to the north is a former parish school. Located along the road between Minster and Maria Stein, more than two miles to the northwest, is part of the abandoned 1856 convent. Once three stories high, it has been reduced to one story, and its brick walls have been covered with modern siding.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>In 1977, St. Josephs Church and its rectory were recorded by the Ohio Historic Inventory, a historic preservation program of the Ohio Historical Society. Both buildings were found to be in good condition, but both were seen as endangered by the weak state of the parish that owned them. St. Josephs Church was one of the smallest parishes in the Archdiocese of Cincinnati, and priest shortages in the American Catholic Church meant that small parishes such as St. Josephs were not likely to be able to have their own pastors; consequently, it was believed that the church would close by 1982. It is clustered with St. Augustines Church in Minster and served by the same priest, and the cluster is part of the St. Marys Deanery.</p><br>
<p>Although it was seen as doomed to closure, St. Josephs Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 because of its well-preserved historic architecture; the rectory was also included in the nomination. These buildings were part of a collection of nearly thirty churches and various other church-related buildings, designated the "Cross-Tipped Churches Thematic Resources," Architectural historians have divided these churches into four generations; St. Josephs is a member of the second generation, which are generally simple rectangular brick buildings without tall spires. Many churches from this generation, such as St. Josephs and St. Anthonys in Padua, were later expanded by the addition of a single tower at the front of the building, due to the prevalence of such towers at the construction of newer churches. Few churches from before this period survive; only St. Johns in Fryburg to the northwest and St. Augustines in Minster remain churches, and St. Augustine&#39;s has been greatly modified by the addition of twin towers. Because most churches in this region are tall Gothic Revival structures with large towers, the region has become known as the "Land of the Cross-Tipped Churches."</p><br>
